Trusted Execution Environments and Zero-Knowledge proofs represent two fundamentally different approaches to verifiable compute.
TEEs like Intel SGX and AWS Nitro Enclaves provide isolated execution environments. The trust model relies on hardware manufacturers and attestation.
ZK proofs shift trust entirely to mathematics. No hardware assumptions, but significant computational overhead for proof generation.
The key insight: they are complementary, not competing. TEEs for hot path execution, ZK for cold path verification.